En marge du premier congres international sur l’informatique de l’université Ibn Khaldoun de Tiaret, le Pr Rachid Beguenane, 45 ans, né à Tizi-Ouzou dans la dachra des Ouadhias, en racontant à La voix de l’Oranie toutes ses pérégrinations qui l’ont conduit à faire mouvement sur les pays les plus lointains, se dit être un petit Ibn Batouta, sinon ressembler à Christophe Colomb
en découvrant pour la première fois le Canada un pays froid mais combien généreux et très particulier pour tout ce qui gravite autour de la recherche. Etudiant en 1988 à l’USTHB Bab Ezzouar, il est intéressé par des études en France, fait escale au CNAN de Paris et prépare un DEA. Le ministère de l’industrie de France lui offre alors une bourse de recherche dune durée de trois mois pour un salaire 7000FF/mois, ce qu’il lui a permis d’ailleurs de préparer son doctorat à l’Ecole des Mines de Douillet (Lyon ). En 1994, il est attaché temporaire dans l’enseignement à l’université de Picardie (Amiens). A cette époque, la France de Pasqua menait une campagne de surveillance et de contrôle des Maghrébins, faciès oblige. Las d’être harcelé par la machine policière et traqué par les renseignements généraux, il part avec tous ses bagages vers le Canada, plus précisément à Ottawa, puis à Montréal où il enseigna dans un lycée l’industrie et la télécommunication. En 2001, il s’installe au Québec, devient PHD, ce qui lui vaudra tout le respect des autorités québécoises où il est considéré, pour son statut de chercheur, citoyen à part entière avec une grande majorité d’intellectuels algériens versés dans tous les domaines. Interrogé sur son apport scientifique, Rachid dira: «Je suis disponible à répondre aux besoins, servir mon pays, toutes les universités qui feront appel moi. D’ailleurs je suis à l’université de Tiaret depuis une semaine avec les étudiants en magister pour des expertises sans demander d’honoraires ».
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Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (en arabe : ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????), né le 24 février 1304 à Tanger et mort en 1369 à Marrakech, est un explorateur et voyageur marocain, parcourant 120 000 km en 29 ans de voyages qui l?amènent de Tombouctou au sud à Bulghar (en actuelle Russie, sur la Volga) au nord ; de Tanger à l?ouest à Quanzhou en Extrême-Orient. Ses récits, compilés par Ibn Juzayy en un livre appelé Rihla (voyage) sont plus précis que ceux de Marco Polo.
Ibn Battuta (1304-1377 C.E.)
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, more commonly known as Ibn Battuta, is considered to be a leading explorer of the 14th Century. He was also a pre-eminent scholar and judge.
Ibn Battuta was known to be a widely traveled person; he was also the only medieval traveler to have seen the lands of every Muslim ruler in his lifetime.
Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco in 1304 C.E. (703 A.H.),during the time of Merinid Sultanate rule, into a Berber family. At the age of (approximately) twenty, Ibn Battuta went on a hajj – a pilgrimage to Mecca. Once done, however, he continued traveling, eventually covering about 75,000 miles over the length and breadth of the Muslim world, and beyond (about 44 modern countries). Batutta started his journeys in 1325.
His journey to Mecca was by land, and followed the North African coast of the Maghreb region quite closely until he reached Cairo. At this point he was within Mameluk territory, which was relatively safe, and he embarked on the first of his detours. Three commonly used routes existed to Mecca, and Ibn Battuta chose the least-traveled: a journey up the Nile, then east by land to the Red Sea port of ‘Aydhad. However, upon approaching that city he was forced to turn back due to a local rebellion.
Returning to Cairo, he took a second side trip, to Damascus, (then also controlled by the Mameluks), having encountered a holy man during his first trip who prophesied that Ibn Battuta would only reach Mecca after a journey through Syria. An additional advantage to the side journey was that other holy places were along the route – Hebron, Jerusalem, and Bethlehem, for example – and the Mameluke authorities put special effort into keeping the journey safe for pilgrims.
In 1326, after spending Ramadan in Damascus, Ibn Battuta joined up with a caravan travelling the 800 miles from Damascus to Medina, burial place of Muhammad (P.B.U.H). After four days, he then journeyed on to Mecca. There he completed the usual rituals of a Muslim pilgrim, and having graduated to the status of al-Hajji as a result, now faced his return home. Upon reflection, he decided to continue journeying instead.
He had no special destination, and with his only goal being to visit as many lands as possible, he took care in choosing different routes. He traveled across the entire Middle East, from South in Ethiopia to the north in Persia. « Then we traveled to Baghdad, the Abode of Peace and Capital of Islam. Here there are two bridges like that at Hilla, on which the people promenade night and day, both men and women. The baths at Baghdad are numerous and excellently constructed, most of them being painted with pitch, which has the appearance of black marble. This pitch is brought from a spring between Kufa and Basra, from which it flows continually. It gathers at the sides of the spring like clay and is shoveled up and brought to Baghdad. Each establishment has a number of private bathrooms, every one of which has also a washbasin in the corner, with two taps supplying hot and cold water. Every bather is given three towels, one to wear round his waist when he goes in, another to wear round his waist when he comes out, and the third to dry himself with. »
Moving along further North, Ibn Battuta took to exploring the Caspian and Black Sea regions as well as the South of Russia. His more interesting later travels were to be further east in Asia. He reached India, where he impressed the ruling Mongol emperor with his knowledge and tales. The emperor offered him a position at his court, which Ibn Battuta accepted. This gave him a chance to explore the whole of India. Having gained considerable experience during his travels around the country, he was then appointed as the Indian ambassador to China. This occupation was destined to be the final one for Battuta before he decided to return home. Facing a long journey back, he set out to his native lands. He reached northwest Africa around 1351. He made a short trip to Spain and then south to the Sahara before finally coming to Fez, Morocco in about 1353.
Back in Fez, the Sultan of Morocco, Abu Inan (1348-1358 C.E), was so impressed to hear Ibn Battuta?s account of his travels, that he commanded him to remain in Fez and store his tales in a book. Then, with the help of an aspiring writer ? Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi (1321-1356 C.E.) ? Ibn Battuta composed his popular ?Rihla.? The Rihla, or ?The Travels? if translated, was comprised of four separate volumes. Perhaps, Ibn Juzayy has added a little fiction from time to time for the purpose of entertainment and easy communication, but on the whole he is believed to have strictly followed Ibn Battuta?s narrative. Strangely enough, the Rihla did not become popular until relatively recently, in the 19th century. This is when increased contacts with Europe introduced the book there and it was translated into French, English, and other European languages. The Europeans valued the records of Ibn Battuta as an important document of historical significance.
After finishing the Rihla, Ibn Battuta, already a man of age, did not make any long traveling through the deserts or elsewhere. He took up a position as a judge and continued to spread the wisdom he had accumulated on his travels. Although there are fewer records for the last part of Ibn Battuta?s life, it is known that he died in 1369 at the age of sixty-five. Long years after this, Ibn-Battuta remained the most traveled man in the world.
Today, quite suitably, Ibn Battuta has been honored in the field of exploration. To commemorate his remarkable achievements in voyaging, modern scientists have named one of the Moon?s craters Ibn Battuta. Also, the Ibn Battuta shopping center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates is named after him.
Sources
Wikpedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_battuta
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